20-year-old killed in crash involving dump truck in northern Wake County

RALEIGH, N.C. (WTVD) -- A fatal crash happened Thursday afternoon in northern Wake County.

It happened around 4:30 p.m. on northbound Louisburg Road near the Forestville Road intersection.

Troopers said Lily Kramar, 20, was driving a white Honda when she attempted to turn left onto Forestville Road. Kramer failed to yield to the right of way and was hit by an oncoming dump truck. She died from her injuries.

Officials said the driver of the truck was taken to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.

Troopers said no charges were filed.

Copyright © 2023 WTVD-TV. All Rights Reserved.

ISC Class 11 Physical Education Syllabus 2023-24: Download Syllabus PDF

SECTION – A

1. Concept of Physical Education 

(i) Meaning of Physical Education, its aim and objectives. 

Understanding of the term ‘Physical Education’. Aims and objectives of Physical Education 

Importance of Physical Education. 

Need for Physical Education and how it is important. 

(ii) Misconceptions about Physical Education and the relevance of Physical Education in the inter-disciplinary context (sports medicine, sports engineering, sports psychology, sports journalism, sports physiotherapy, sports nutritionist, sports fashion designing). 

Misconceptions with respect to Physical Education; how Physical Education is related to various other disciplines as listed above. 

(iii)Meaning of ‘Play’ and ‘Recreation’. Definition and importance of ‘Play’; Characteristics of Play (freedom and time, space and spontaneity, enjoyment, intrinsic value). 

Definition and importance of recreation. 

(iv) Meaning and concept of ‘Games and Sports’. 

Meaning, definition and characteristics of ‘Games and Sports’

2. Individual Aspects and Group Dynamics

(a) Interest and attitude. 

− Meaning and definition of the term Interest (inborn and acquired); Methods of developing interest (in Physical Education activities and programmes). 

− Meaning and definition of the term Attitude (experience, derived, emotional challenge, profession); methods of forming attitude: by means of suggestions, by blindly accepting the social norms, by means of some intense emotional experiences, through participating in games and sports (forming attitude to win, attitude towards exercise, attitude towards physical fitness, fair play, obedience, discipline, etc.) 

(b) Motivation. 

− Introduction, meaning and definition of ‘Motivation’. 

− Types of Motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. 

− Methods of Motivation: praise or blame, competition, reward and punishment, setting clear goals, success and failure, record of progress, scholarships, social recognition, honour and glory. 

(c) Leadership. 

− Meaning and definition of the word ‘Leader’. 

− Desirable qualities of a Leader

3. Effects of Physical Practice on Human Body Systems

Various systems and the effects of exercise and training on the following: skeletal system, muscular system, respiratory system, circulatory system and digestive systems. 

(i) The skeletal and muscular system: Types of bones in the body, various types of joints and major movements; structural classification of muscles, structure and function of muscle. 

(ii) Respiratory System: Meaning and types of respiration, organs of the respiratory system (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm) and their functions. 

(iii) Circulatory system: Meaning; Heart, its structure and functions; control of the heart rate; function and composition of blood, maintenance of blood supply. 

(iv) Digestive System: Meaning, major organs (mouth, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine) and functions of each. 

(v) Effect of exercise and benefits of regular training on the above systems.  

4. Nutrition, Weight Control & Exercise

(i) Nutrition Basics – Dietary Goals and basics of a Nutritious Diet. 

Nutrition basics: Dietary Goals for various stages of growth (childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age); Meaning of ‘Nutritious Diet’. 

(ii) Balanced Diet and role of balanced diet in performance. Concept of a Balanced diet; elements and sources of a balanced diet; factors affecting balanced diet; Importance of Balanced diet in sports performance. 

(iii) Obesity and weight control; Life time concept of weight control. 

Meaning and definition of obesity; causes of Obesity, dangers of Obesity, prevention of Obesity through exercise and weight control. Life-time concept of weight control – an understanding of how weight can be controlled through proper eating habits and exercise.

5. Physical Fitness & Wellness 

(i) Physique, Physical Fitness and Wellness. 

Understanding of the term ‘Physique’; A basic understanding of the three body types (a) Endomorph (b) Mesomorph (c) Ectomorph. Meaning and importance of Physical Fitness and Wellness. 

(ii) Components of physical fitness and wellness. Components of physical fitness:

Health related fitness such as Cardio vascular endurance, muscular endurance, strength; flexibility; body composition. Skill related fitness: such as Cardio vascular endurance, muscular endurance, strength; flexibility; body composition, balance; coordination; agility; power, reaction time and speed (Candidates should be made to understand that skill related fitness includes all health related fitness components). Components of Wellness: social, spiritual, physical, mental, emotional and intellectual (a basic understanding of each). 

(iii)Factors affecting physical fitness and wellness. 

Factors affecting physical fitness and wellness: Heredity, exercise (physical, mental and social benefits), illness, physical deformity, age and gender, diet, stress, living style, substance use (smoking, drugs, alcohol) and environment. 

(iv) Tests and Measurements in Sports. 

Basic understanding, importance and calculation of the following: Kraus Weber Test; Body Mass Index (BMI); Waist Hip Ratio; Measurement of Heart Rate; Rockport one-mile test. 

6. Games and Sports – a global perspective

(i) Olympics as a Social force. 

An understanding of how the Olympic games promote international understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity by providing a platform for athletes from all over the world to meet and compete, irrespective of their colour, race, creed and political beliefs. 

(ii) History of Modern Olympics. 

Motto of the Olympic games; Events held in modern Olympics; Where and when the first modern Olympics took place and where and when the upcoming Olympics will take place; significance of the colours used in the rings of the Olympic flag and what these rings signify. The founder of modern Olympics. 

(iii) Asian Games. 

Where and when the first Asian Games took place and where and when the upcoming Asian Games will take place. Events held in Asian Games; Countries participating in Asian Games. 

SECTION B

Any two of the following games are to be studied: Cricket, Football, Hockey, Basketball, Volleyball, Badminton, Tennis, Swimming, Athletics. The following aspects should be studied for each of the two games selected by the candidate. 

Rules and regulations of the game; Interpretation of laws of the game; Duties and responsibilities of the officials and players; Measurement and dimensions related to the game; Terminologies related to the game; Fundamental skills of the game; Strategies and formation of the game; Names and abbreviations of the National and Major International Tournaments linked with the game; Diagrams and dimensions of play area; Diagrams and dimensions of equipment related to the game. 

The details for each game are given below:

CRICKET

– Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. – Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Diagrams of the field and pitch, and various fielding positions. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions of the field, thickness of the lines, dimensions of pitch and complete specifications and markings on it. Equipment of the game with their length, width weight, thickness and material. Score board, scorer, sightscreen. Flood light 

– Duties of the officials, before, during and after the match. Umpires and third umpire, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, duty of coach, captain etc. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, forfeitures, follow on, tie, power play, match fixing, duck worth rule, sledging, ball tampering. 

– Basic skills and techniques. Batting (different types of shots, footwork, body position and actual bat movement. Bowling (run up, delivery stride, follow through, types of bowling variations, good line and length, grip action. Fielding positions, catching and throwing skills, Wicket keeping techniques, skills of getting the batsmen out.

- Different types of signals, extra runs, extra players, runner, substitute, provisions and restrictions, players equipment, danger area, various terms of cricket. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

FOOTBALL

– Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. 

– Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, extra time, tie breaker, sudden death, ball in play and out of play, importance of lines on the field. Various methods of starting and restarting the game. Substitution procedure, penalty cards and their importance. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions of the field, thickness of the lines, dimensions of center circle, quarter circle, goal and penalty area, penalty arc and complete specifications and markings on it. Equipment of the game with their length, width, weight, thickness, material and dimensions. Diagram of goal post and field. 

– Duties of the officials, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, duty of coach, captain, assistant referees, technical officials, grounds men, ball boys, match organizers, technical area. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches. 

– Basic skills and techniques (Passing - types of pass, ground lofted, chip, volley, angle of pass. Control (use of various surfaces-head chest, foot thigh). Dribbling (running with the ball, rhythm and pace, feints, body swerves, screening, beating an opponent. Heading the ball with intention of (attacking, defending, jumping, to head down, high, pass, score). Shooting skills with either foot, inside or outside, short and long range shots, swerving shots, volleys, penalty kicks, power and accuracy. Tackling skills - interception, jockeying for the ball, trapping by various body parts, position, tackle front, side, slide, recovery. Goalkeeping skills - stopping, watching, guiding the team, saving goal, dealing, catching, heading, kicking, punching, throwing, diving, anticipation, speed and reflexes. 

– Principles of play-attack, depth, defence, penetration, sweeper systems, 4-4-2, 4-3-3, 4-2-4. Kick-off, corner kick, throw-in, goal kick, free kick, penalty kick. Importance of penalty arc, center circle and lines on the field. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

HOCKEY

-Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. 

– Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, extra time, tie breaker, sudden death, ball in play and out of play, penalty stroke, short corner, long corner, free hits, hit or push back, 16 yard hit, importance of lines on the field. Start and restart of the match. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions and diagrams of the field and goalpost, thickness of the lines, dimensions and complete specifications and markings on it. Equipment of the game with their length, width, weight, thickness, material and dimensions. Protective equipment of the goalkeeper and players. 

– Duties of the officials, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, running substitution duty of coach, captain, assistant referees, ball boys, doctor, grounds men. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches. 

– Basic skills and techniques (Passing - types of pass, ground lofted, chip, volley, angle of pass, push, scoop, flick, aerial ball. Receiving the ball – control, dribbling (running with the ball, rhythm and pace, feints, body swerves, screening, beating an opponent from the right to the left, right and behind. Shooting skills with Stick, inside or outside, short and long range shots, swerving shots, volleys, penalty, power and accuracy. Tackling skills - interception, jockeying for position. Goalkeeping skills - stopping, watching, guiding the team, saving goal, kicking, diving, anticipation, speed. reflexes. 

– Principles of play-attack, depth, defence, penetration, team formations 1-2-3-5/1-1-3-4- 2/1-1-3-3. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

BASKETBALL 

– Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. – Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions of the court, thickness of the lines, diagrams and dimensions of the court, full specifications of the ring, pole, boards and ball. 

– Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, scorers, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, duty of coach, captain, technical equipment team and player foul markers. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments. 

– Basic skills and techniques, tactics and team skills Knowledge of basic skills, free throws stance (passing, dribble, shoot); Shooting (jump shot, layup, hook shot); passing (pass, signal, receive feint footwork, chest-pass, bounce pass, overhead pass, javelin pass. Footwork (pivot, 1 count and 2 count stop). One to one defence, fake and drive, pass and cut defence, types of defence, zone defence, and fast break. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

VOLLEYBALL

– Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. – Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions and diagram of the court, thickness of the lines, dimensions within the court, full specifications of the net, pole and other equipment required for the game. 

– Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, duty of coach, captain, etc. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, default by teams. 

– Basic skills and techniques, tactics and team skills, Knowledge of basic skills, volley-two hand pass over the head forearm pass. The serveunderarm, over arm float, over arm jump, over arm top spin, round house jump. The smash - high set cross court, down the line, speed smash, tip the ball over the block. The block-line of defence, defence against smash, attack at set ball. Teamwork importance in both defence and attack. Understanding rotation, blocking and screening 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

BADMINTON

- Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. 

– Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, extra time, tie, shuttle in play and out of play, importance of lines on the court, singles and doubles. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions and diagram of the court, thickness of the lines. Equipment required for the game with their length, width weight, thickness, material and dimensions.

– Duties of the officials, requirements of the game, equipment needed, number of players, duty of coach, match organisers. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches, match points, etc. 

– Basic skills and techniques - forehand or backhand, correct grip, smash, drop, drive, net play, return upshots and low/high/flick serves. Basic positioning for men and women rallies. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

TENNIS

– Knowledge of the game, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance. 

– Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of the game. Match time, deuce, advantage, tie foot fault. Ball in play and out of play. Dimensions and importance of lines on the court, singles and doubles. 

– Knowledge of the dimensions and diagram of the court net, racket, thickness of the lines. Equipment required for the game with their length, width, weight, thickness, material and dimensions. Types of courts. 

– Duties and number of officials, requirements of the game, number of players, duty of coach, match organisers. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments, punishment on players, coaches, match points, etc. 

– Basic skills and techniques - forehand or backhand, chopper grip, correct grip, smash, drop, drive, net play, return upshots and low/high/flick serves. Basic positioning for men and women rallies. The racket grip-shake hand. Strokes - backhand push, forehand drive, forward push. Service - two bounce serve, high toss, forehand spin, backhand spin, long serve. Spin - forehand topspin, backhand topspin chopping blocking lobbing, follow through, placement of ball for each service. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game

SWIMMING

– Knowledge of competitive swimming events, activities, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance (individual and team). 

– Detailed understanding of the rules and regulations of various swimming events, strategies and tactics in chosen events. Planning performing and evaluating particular event. 

– Knowledge of the dimension, depth and distance of the pool. Importance of starters and judges for start and finish of individual and medley races. Various officials in charge of conducting the events. Types of races, types of strokes, diving competitions, false start, individual and medley events. Stances for different strokes. 

– Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, duty of coach, physiotherapist, wind gauge operator, lifeguard, photo finish. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct tournaments. 

– Basic skills and techniques requiring control, balance, weight transfer, flow and clear body positions, complex sequence of movements and ability to perform showing high standards of precision control power speed and stamina, fitness and tactics to outwit the opponents. Warming up and cooling down safely, safety requirements for swimmers. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

ATHLETICS

- Knowledge of track and field events, activities, strategies and tactics, and how to improve performance (individual and team).

– Detailed understanding of the rules and regulation of various events, strategies and tactics in chosen events. Planning performing and evaluating particular event. 

– Knowledge of the dimension of the track. Width of the track. Measurement of 400 and 200 meters, relay and solo races. Equipment of athletes in various events dimensions and requirements. Importance of starters and judges for start and finish. Importance of staggers. 

– Duties of the officials, table officials, referees, requirements of the game, equipment needed, numbers of players, reserve bench, duty of coach, physiotherapist, wind gauge operator, photo finish. 

– Laws governing the game. Suspensions, penalisations, draws, match fixtures, arrangements needed to conduct meets. Rules and distances and requirements of various events. 

– Basic skills and techniques requiring control, balance, weight transfer, flow and clear body positions, complex sequence of movements and ability to perform showing high standards of precision control power speed and stamina, fitness and tactics to outwit the opponents. Warming up and cooling down exercises. 

– Knowledge of associations and federations linked to the game. Important tournaments. Abbreviations of associations and federations concerned with the game.

Map: How abortion access has shifted in 11 months since Roe v. Wade was overturned

The landscape of abortion rights has shifted dramatically in the 11 months since the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ending federal protections for abortion rights.

The decision left it up to states to decide how to regulate abortion services.

States in the West and Northeast have since taken steps to expand and protect abortion rights, while states across the South, Great Plains and Midwest have moved to ban or restrict abortion care.

Fifteen states have ceased nearly all abortion services.

States that Have Restricted Abortion Rights Since Roe v. Wade was Overturned

ABC News

South Carolina became the latest state to greatly restrict abortion access this week after its governor signed a six-week ban into law. But a state judge blocked the ban on Friday, allowing abortions to resume while a legal challenge continues.

Florida could be the next state to severely restrict abortion services. If a state court upholds a 15-week abortion ban, a new six-week abortion ban will go into effect.

The ban would prohibit all abortions after fetal cardiac activity is detected, which generally occurs around six weeks of pregnancy, before most women know they are pregnant. The ban makes exceptions for when the woman's life or health is at risk and cases of rape or incest, under certain conditions.

If allowed to go into effect, the ban will limit access to many women in the South who live in areas where Florida would have been the closest state where they could access care.

In this Aug. 30, 2022, file photo, protesters gather inside the South Carolina House as members debate a new near-total ban on abortion with no exceptions for pregnancies caused by rape or incest at the state legislature, in Columbia, S.C.

Sam Wolfe/Reuters, FILE

Meanwhile, a court case in Texas is seeking to revoke the Federal Drug and Food Administration's approval of one of the medications used in medication abortions -- mifepristone -- across the country, even in states where abortion is protected.

The case is currently before the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals but is expected to reach the U.S. Supreme Court. Mifepristone remains available while the case continues.

Wyoming became the first state to ban medication abortions in March.

Nearly all bans throughout the country target physicians, making it illegal for them to provide abortion services punishable by fines, jail time and their medical licenses being revoked.

Some bans -- modeled after a Texas law -- make it a crime to aid women in accessing abortion care and establish civil liability against individuals who violate state bans.

Texas, which has several abortion bans in place, allows people to sue anyone who "aids or abets" an illegal abortion, to collect a bounty of at least $10,000.

Pro-abortion rights demonstrators gather outside the legislative building after North Carolina Republican lawmakers voted to override Democratic Governor Roy Cooper's veto of a bill that would ban most abortions in the state after 12 weeks, in Raleigh, North Carolina, May 16, 2023.

Erin Siegal McIntyre/Reuters

Physicians warn that the anti-abortion landscape in some states will discourage doctors and future doctors from moving to states banning or restricting abortion. This could also have implications for reproductive and female health care in the states.

Residency programs in states with bans in place saw a drop in the number of OB-GYN residency applications, according to recent data from the Association of American Medical Colleges. While there was an overall decrease in the number of all residency applications submitted in 2023, the decrease was sharper in states with complete bans compared to states without restrictions, according to the data.

There was a 10.5% decrease in OB-GYN applicants in states with complete bans in 2023 compared to 2022 residency applications, according to the study. In states without restrictions, the decrease was only 5.3%, data shows.

Some women have come forward with stories about how abortion bans have impact them and their access to reproductive health care. In a first since Roe was overturned, 15 Texas women filed a lawsuit against the state, saying that its near-total ban put their lives in danger.

Abortion ban challenges in other states face legal challenges from abortion providers, on behalf of their patients, abortion clinics and pro-abortion rights groups.

Center for Reproductive Rights attorney Molly Duane, left, and CEO Nancy Northup, right, stand with plaintiffs, from left, Lauren Hall, Amanda Zurawski, Anna Zargarian and Lauren Miller, March 7, 2023, at the Texas Capitol in Austin.

Rick Kern/Getty Images

Kylie Beaton, a woman in Texas, told ABC News she was forced to carry a nonviable pregnancy to term, watching her son die days after he was born. Beaton was unable to access care in New Mexico because she was too far along when she received her diagnosis -- past the facility's cutoff point -- despite the state allowing abortion at all stages of pregnancies.

The only other option was a facility in Colorado that provided late-term care, but Beaton and her husband could not afford the $10,000 to $15,000 it would have cost. Beaton has since joined other women suing Texas over its ban.

Women forced to travel to receive abortion care also risk having to continue further along into their pregnancies. The further along a pregnancy, the more complex, risky and expensive the abortion care.

Even with exceptions to abortion bans, women have reported having to wait until their health deteriorates or until their life is in danger before they could get care in states with near-total or total bans.

"Heartbeat" laws which prohibit abortions when cardiac activity can be detected have in some cases complicated care for women whose water breaks before their pregnancy is viable.

Kristen Anaya, who lives in Texas, told ABC News she had to wait until she went into sepsis before she could get abortion care because her fetus still had a heartbeat, despite her high fever and shaking uncontrollably for hours -- both signs of an infection.

In Florida, Anya Cook was sent home from a hospital after losing nearly all her amniotic fluid because she wasn't at a high risk for any complications, despite the risk that she could go into sepsis without delivering the fetus -- which can be fatal. She later delivered in the bathroom of a hair salon, bleeding so much she lost half the blood in her body and had to be hospitalized for six days, she told ABC News.

She needed two subsequent procedures to remove the remainder of her placenta. This pregnancy was her 17th miscarriage in just two years, she told ABC News.